Analysis of surface treatment technology before aluminum and aluminum alloy coating

Chemical conversion coating is a widely used method for corrosion protection on aluminum and its alloys. With over half a century of development, this process has become highly mature, and new treatment techniques continue to emerge. While chemical oxidation will still play an important role in the future, growing environmental concerns have led to stricter demands for cleaner and pollution-free surface treatment processes. To address these challenges, several improvements are being explored and implemented.

First, low-temperature metal surface pretreatment has been developed as an energy-efficient alternative. This method reduces energy consumption while maintaining effective surface preparation. Second, there is a strong push towards low-chromium or chromium-free treatments. Traditional chromate-based solutions have raised significant environmental and health concerns, prompting the search for safer alternatives that maintain performance without compromising on quality.

Third, waterless washing technology is gaining traction. This approach eliminates the need for water-based rinsing steps, addressing the issue of wastewater pollution while also conserving water resources. For example, in Japan, a chromic acid-based surface treatment agent composed of Cr³⁺, Cr⁶⁺, and water-soluble organic resins is used on aluminum plates through a spraying method. It doesn't require washing, and even though it contains chromium ions, it doesn't pollute the environment. The film formed is naturally dried and can be easily sealed, offering corrosion resistance and adhesion comparable to or better than traditional methods.

Lastly, the pre-treatment and film formation processes are now often integrated into a closed-loop system. In such systems, all chemical agents are recycled, minimizing waste and reducing the need for frequent replacements. Only small amounts of consumables are added periodically. Whether using a washing or non-washing method, the system can achieve effective sealing. This closed process significantly improves the working environment, reduces waste discharge, saves energy and resources, and delivers clear economic and environmental benefits.

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