Rail transit industry brings new opportunities to the machine tool industry

China’s rail transit system has undergone significant development since the first major speed increase in the late 1990s following the country's reform and opening-up policies. By 2011, the eighth speed increase had been completed, marking a historical expansion in medium- and high-speed rail travel. For instance, the journey from Shanghai to Nanjing once took 4 to 5 hours but now can be completed in just one hour at speeds exceeding 350 kilometers per hour. Similarly, the trip from Shanghai to Beijing now takes only five hours. In 2012, the renowned German consulting firm SCI Verkehr published a research report ranking the top ten global rail transit equipment manufacturers for 2010. China South Locomotive Corporation (CSR) topped this list. CSR Qishuyan Locomotive Co., Ltd., a modern enterprise specializing in the production of trunk railway diesel locomotives, offers a range of models including the Dongfeng 8, Dongfeng 8B, Dongfeng 11, Dongfeng 11G, HXN5, and others. These diesel locomotives were primarily used in the first six speed-ups of China's railways and remain crucial in certain areas. In recent years, electric locomotives have largely taken over passenger services due to their efficiency and environmental benefits. However, diesel locomotives continue to play an indispensable role, particularly in freight transportation. Currently, there are over 19,000 fully operational diesel locomotives. High-powered shunting locomotives are also in short supply in various regions, especially in industries like coal mining and oil. On average, more than 600 locomotives are replaced annually, not counting the thousands undergoing maintenance. The complexity of machining the main components of rail transit systems is a critical challenge. Key components such as bogies (including car body bogies and hollow bushings), as well as critical diesel engine parts, require precise manufacturing. Diesel engine components are structurally intricate, requiring high precision, shape tolerance, and surface finish (with accuracy indices often reaching 5 to 7 grades and surface roughness Ra0.4). These components must ensure excellent interchangeability, such as the engine block and crankshaft, while maintaining reliability, durability, and safety during high-speed operations. For diesel engine components, many parts require tolerances measured in microns, a level of precision that was previously unattainable. In summary, while electric locomotives dominate modern rail transport, diesel locomotives remain vital, particularly in freight operations. Their continued relevance underscores the ongoing need for advanced machining technologies and expertise in rail transit engineering.

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