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**Abstract**
As one of the most critical components in industrial manufacturing, machine tools are increasingly evolving toward intelligence. Song Tianhu, chairman of the China Mechanical Engineering Society, emphasized that over the next 20 years, China's intelligent manufacturing equipment industry should seize the strategic development opportunity, guided by principles such as "innovation first, key breakthroughs, technology integration, solid foundation, and diversified investment." This approach aims to meet the needs of traditional industry transformation and emerging strategic industries, integrating advanced manufacturing, information, and intelligence technologies to achieve green, digital, and smart production.
To accelerate the development of high-end intelligent equipment, the Chinese government has launched the "12th Five-Year" Plan for the high-end equipment manufacturing industry. This initiative includes transforming intelligent equipment, satellite applications, and other projects, marking a significant step forward in the implementation of the plan. According to data, the current scale of the smart equipment market is approximately 300 billion yuan, with foreign companies dominating the market. Domestic manufacturers hold only 10% in smart instrumentation, 20% in industrial robots, 20% in mid-range CNC machines, and a mere 1% in high-end CNC machines. The goal of the plan is to reach 1 trillion yuan in sales by 2015 and 2 trillion yuan by 2020, with domestic market share rising to 50% and 70%, respectively.
**Intelligent Manufacturing Elements**
Over the past two decades, advancements in microelectronics, communication, computer science, artificial intelligence, control systems, and image processing have laid the groundwork for intelligent machines. Despite their diversity, all intelligent machines share three fundamental elements: perception, decision-making, and execution.
Perception involves gathering environmental data through sensors and communication systems, similar to human senses. Decision-making enables machines to process information and make judgments, akin to the brain. Execution refers to carrying out commands, much like the human body's response to signals from the brain.
**Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Features**
Intelligent manufacturing is characterized by four main features:
First, intelligence lies at its core, enabling machines to automatically identify and respond to their environment. However, compared to human intelligence, the level of smartness in current systems is still limited.
Second, it is an interdisciplinary field, where breakthroughs in individual technologies can revolutionize the entire system.
Third, it requires rapid real-time responses to unpredictable situations, a capability that remains underdeveloped.
Fourth, it emphasizes human-computer interaction, allowing machines to understand and communicate with people naturally.
**Six Major Trends Driving the Intelligent Transformation of Machine Tools**
The National Office for the Implementation of High-End CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment has identified six key trends in machine tool intelligence:
1. **Intelligent Monitoring of Machine Tool Conditions**: Spindle monitoring has seen significant progress, using temperature and load sensors to detect thermal displacement and bearing wear.
2. **Intelligent Maintenance Monitoring**: Predictive maintenance systems help prevent major failures by analyzing historical data and predicting component lifespans.
3. **Safety Assurance**: Technologies like collision avoidance and tool safety checks enhance operational safety.
4. **Energy Efficiency**: Smart systems optimize chip removal and coolant usage, reducing energy consumption.
5. **Intelligent Process Decision-Making**: Vibration detection and spindle speed adjustments improve machining efficiency and accuracy.
6. **Intelligent Preparation**: Automated balancing systems address challenges in processing unbalanced parts.
Song Tianhu highlighted that the shift from physical labor to mental effort, and the integration of human creativity with modern technology, will continue to reshape industrial production.
**Policy Support for High-End Equipment Intelligence**
China’s machine tool industry is advancing toward higher precision, automation, and intelligence. While China leads in manufacturing volume, many global perceptions still associate “Made in China†with low quality. To change this, the “12th Five-Year†Plan focuses on five key areas, including intelligent manufacturing equipment.
The government has also introduced subsidies to support smart equipment manufacturers, with the first batch of projects receiving 950 million yuan in funding. These initiatives aim to boost market expansion and promote the growth of China’s intelligent manufacturing sector. As automation and intelligent production become more prevalent, China is committed to driving the future of its high-end equipment industry.
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