Results and Cause Analysis of Damage to Shafts and Bearing Bushes

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Water in the lubricating oil can cause serious damage to both the shaft and the bearing bush. When water enters the lubricant, it disrupts the oil film, leading to reduced protection. The outer surface of the bearing bush's alloy layer may show grayish holes at the contact edges, while a black corrosion layer may form on the surface. Additionally, irregular pits and flaking may appear on the bearing’s outer surface. Fuel contamination in the lubricating oil can also lead to significant damage. When fuel enters the crankcase, it alters the properties of the oil. Fuel combustion by-products, such as sulfuric acid, can form severe cavitation on the shaft's surface. This typically occurs when the fuel system delivers too much fuel, or when the engine is not operating efficiently due to blocked air intake, faulty injectors, or cracks in the cylinder head. Prolonged idling or low temperatures can also contribute to incomplete fuel combustion, allowing fuel to enter the crankcase and cause damage. Poor lubrication performance can result in various issues. If the lubrication is insufficient, the shaft and bearing bush may come into direct contact, causing dry friction. This leads to high temperatures, which can melt the alloy layer of the bearing and create a "wax-like" appearance. If not addressed, this can cause severe damage to the components. Common causes include low oil levels, clogged oil passages, worn oil pumps, or incorrect oil usage. To prevent damage to the shaft and bearing bush, it is essential to follow proper maintenance procedures. Regularly check and replace the lubricating oil and filter elements. Avoid long idle periods—limit them to no more than five minutes. After starting the engine, perform a medium-speed warm-up until the coolant temperature reaches above 70°C before operation. Ensure that the oil level is within specifications, and keep the oil clean and free from contaminants. In the absence of an automatic lubrication system, manually apply clean lubricant to the shaft and bearing bush before starting the machine. Allow the engine to idle for 15 minutes after full-load operation to dissipate heat properly. Maintaining good lubrication practices is crucial for the longevity of mechanical systems. Always use the correct type of oil and follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for oil changes and maintenance. By doing so, you can significantly reduce the risk of damage caused by poor lubrication and ensure smooth, efficient operation.

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