Results and Cause Analysis of Damage to Shafts and Bearing Bushes

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Water contamination in the lubricating oil can cause serious damage to both the shaft and the bearing bush. When water enters the lubrication system, it weakens the oil film, leading to direct metal-to-metal contact. This results in surface pitting, corrosion, and flaking on the alloy layer of the bearing bush. The outer surface may develop gray, hole-like areas and black corrosion spots, which significantly reduce the performance and lifespan of the components. Fuel contamination in the lubricating oil is another major cause of damage. When fuel enters the crankcase, it dilutes the oil and alters its properties. Combustion by-products, such as sulfuric acid, can form and cause severe cavitation on the shaft's surface. Common causes include excessive fuel supply, incomplete combustion, blocked air intake, faulty nozzles, cracks in the cylinder head, prolonged idling, and low ignition temperatures. Poor lubrication can also lead to significant damage. If the lubrication system fails to maintain proper oil pressure, the shaft and bearing bush will experience dry friction, causing overheating and melting of the bearing alloy. This can result in a "wa" (a term used for localized deformation) and further damage if not addressed promptly. Factors contributing to poor lubrication include low oil levels, clogged filters, worn oil pumps, damaged pressure valves, and improper startup procedures. To prevent such damage, regular maintenance is essential. It’s important to follow scheduled oil and filter changes, avoid long idle times (no more than 5 minutes), perform medium-speed heating after starting, and ensure the engine reaches an appropriate temperature before full operation. After long-term full-load operation, the engine should be allowed to idle for at least 15 minutes before shutdown to dissipate heat. Always check the oil level, use high-quality oil, and keep the system clean and sealed. In cases where manual lubrication equipment is unavailable, applying a thin layer of clean lubricating oil to the shaft and bearing bush before starting can help reduce initial wear. Before starting the engine, close the fuel switch, let it idle a few times, and only activate the throttle once the oil pressure gauge shows normal readings.

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