(1) Lifting machinery typically features a large structure and complex mechanisms, enabling it to perform both vertical lifting and horizontal movement. For example, a bridge crane can execute three motions: hoisting, trolley movement, and cart travel. A gantry crane, on the other hand, can handle four movements: lifting, luffing, rotating, and moving along the track. During operation, multiple directional movements are often performed simultaneously, which presents significant technical challenges. The loads handled by lifting equipment vary widely in weight and shape—some objects weigh hundreds or even thousands of tons, while others are long and irregular in form. Additionally, materials such as loose particles, molten substances, flammable, and explosive items are commonly involved, making the lifting process highly complex and potentially dangerous.
(2) Most lifting equipment operates in large spaces, with different types using various mobility methods. Some, like tower cranes and bridge cranes, run on rails and wheels, while others, such as mobile cranes and crawler cranes, move on tires or tracks. There are also systems that operate along wire ropes, such as aerial ropeways used for passenger or freight transport. Due to their wide range of movement, any accident involving these machines can have serious consequences. In some cases, people are directly lifted along with the load, such as in elevators or suspended platforms, meaning the reliability of the equipment is crucial to human safety.
(3) Lifting machinery is often exposed to the environment and contains many moving parts, frequently coming into direct contact with workers through components like hooks and wire ropes. This creates numerous potential hazards. The working conditions are diverse, ranging from industrial steel plants to modern ports, construction sites, railway stations, and tourist attractions—each with its own set of risks. These environments may involve high temperatures, pressure, flammable or explosive materials, power lines, and strong magnetic fields, all of which pose threats to both the equipment and the operators.
(4) The operation of lifting machinery usually requires close coordination among multiple personnel. A single task involves roles such as command, rigging, and operating, each requiring skilled cooperation and synchronized actions. Operators must be prepared to respond quickly to unexpected situations. The need for teamwork adds another layer of complexity. These characteristics make lifting machinery inherently linked to safety. Any oversight in design, manufacturing, installation, usage, or maintenance could lead to accidents, resulting in injuries or even fatalities, as well as substantial economic losses.
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