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Bao Liang, Deputy Secretary General of Shanghai Medical Device Industry Association
The medical device industry is often seen as a promising sector, given its role in advancing healthcare and its growing importance in the global economy. However, from an industry development cycle perspective, it still faces challenges. While the sector is considered a "sunrise industry," it remains relatively small compared to other major economic sectors. The pharmaceutical industry, which includes medical devices, accounts for about 4% of the national industrial output. In terms of metrics like total assets and product sales revenue, this places it around the middle range among the 37 major industries. As such, neither the pharmaceutical nor the medical device industry can yet be considered a pillar of the national economy.
At the National Health Work Conference on January 6, 2011, Minister Chen Hao outlined the goals for the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†in health development. By 2015, the plan aimed to establish a basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural populations, improve the public health service and medical service systems, and make the drug supply security system more standardized. It also emphasized improving the management and operational mechanisms of medical institutions, enhancing access to basic healthcare services, reducing the financial burden on residents, and improving overall public health. These goals were set with the aim of bringing China’s health level to the forefront of developing countries, increasing life expectancy to 74.5 years, and significantly reducing infant and maternal mortality rates.
In 2010, China's medical device market surged to second place globally, surpassing the 100 billion yuan threshold for the first time. China leads the world in the production of low-end medical devices, but high-end products only account for about 25% of the market. This highlights that the country's medical equipment sector is still dominated by products with lower technical content, indicating a need for further innovation and development in advanced technologies.
2010 marked the end of China’s “Eleventh Five-Year Plan.†Despite various challenges, the medical device industry performed well in the market. Nevertheless, significant issues remain, such as the dominance of small enterprises (about 90% of the industry), limited technological capabilities among most manufacturers, and a lack of specialized surgical instruments. With over 6,000 types of surgical instruments, China has made remarkable progress since 1949, when output was just 470,000 units. Today, the industry produces over 100 million units annually, with improved quality and a shift from low-end to mid-to-high-end products. The rise of minimally invasive surgical instruments has marked a new era for the industry, driven by advancements in science and technology.
Minimally invasive surgical instruments, once a foreign concept in China, are now being developed domestically, thanks to growing R&D efforts. Products such as endoscopes and automated staplers have filled critical gaps in the domestic market. The Ministry of Science and Technology has recognized the potential of these innovations and included them in the national “Twelfth Five-Year Plan,†signaling strong future growth prospects.
Despite these achievements, the industry still faces challenges, including heavy reliance on low-end manufacturing, price competition, and product homogenization. To move forward, China’s medical device sector must invest more, foster cross-industry collaboration, and develop cutting-edge products that meet both domestic and international demands. Only through sustained innovation and strategic investment can the industry maintain its growth trajectory and realize its full potential.
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