National Nanocenter Progress in Impacting Two-Dimensional Perovskite Properties

Recently, a notable breakthrough has been achieved by Zhou Huiqiong's research group at the National Nanoscience Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the field of stress-suspended release regulation of quasi-two-dimensional perovskite properties. The findings were published online in "Angewandte Chemie International Edition" under the title "Impact of Strain Relaxation on 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Solar Cells." Perovskite solar cells, as one of the leading representatives of the third-generation thin-film photovoltaic devices, have garnered significant attention due to their superior photoelectric properties and cost-effectiveness. Although device efficiency has been steadily increasing, device stability remains a critical challenge in the commercialization process. While packaging protection can enhance device stability under external stress, the intrinsic stability of perovskite materials still requires urgent improvement. Compared to traditional three-dimensional perovskites, the introduction of hydrophobic spacers has enhanced the stability of quasi-two-dimensional perovskites, yet these improvements remain insufficient. Residual stress, closely tied to the crystallographic properties of perovskites, plays a crucial role in influencing their photoelectric properties and stability. The research team incorporated residual stress analysis using XRD and AFM into a quasi-two-dimensional perovskite system based on different spacers, investigating how the properties of these spacers affect the overall film's residual stress. Their study revealed that quasi-two-dimensional perovskite films based on phenethylammonium experience severe out-of-plane tensile stresses, resulting in poor crystallization quality and instability under various external stresses. By introducing mixed spacers, the tensile stress in the out-of-plane direction of the corresponding quasi-two-dimensional perovskite film was successfully released. Additionally, shifts in XRD peaks toward higher angles and GIWAXS integral curves toward higher q values indicate a decrease in lattice constants, confirming the release of tensile stress. Consequently, the crystal quality and carrier properties of the perovskite film showed marked improvements, leading to optimized efficiency and exceptional stability in maximum power point tracking, continuous heating at 85°C, 85% humidity, and temperature cycling between 85°C and -40°C. This study highlights the impact of spacer alignment on residual stress in two-dimensional perovskite films, which in turn influences device stability across various working conditions, underscoring the significance of stress regulation in enhancing the intrinsic stability of perovskites. Thus, it offers a promising new approach to further improving the stability of perovskite-based photovoltaic devices. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, the Scientific Research Instruments and Equipment Development Projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Strategic Pioneer Science and Technology Special Project of the Middle School. [Centered Image Caption] Stress-release regulated by spacer cations affects quasi-two-dimensional perovskite properties.

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