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The importance of monitoring electrical equipment to ensure its stable and safe operation cannot be overstated, as it plays a crucial role in maintaining the reliability of power systems. Over the years, with the advancement and widespread adoption of online monitoring technologies in China’s power grid, condition-based maintenance has gradually replaced traditional periodic inspections. This shift is now widely accepted within the industry and has become an essential trend in modern equipment maintenance strategies.
For many years, China's power system relied on scheduled maintenance, where equipment was tested and maintained at fixed intervals. However, this approach often led to unnecessary overhauls and inefficiencies. As the nature of equipment defects has evolved, new online monitoring techniques—such as partial discharge detection, chromatographic analysis, and SF6 gas quality monitoring—have gained increasing attention. In 2010, the State Grid Corporation of China emphasized the need to promote condition-based maintenance comprehensively, aiming to enhance equipment intelligence and integrate smart technologies for real-time safety alerts and intelligent monitoring.
Online monitoring technology refers to systems and tools that can be directly installed on power equipment to continuously track and analyze its operational status. These systems typically combine advanced sensor technology, computer processing, communication networks, expert analysis modules, and comprehensive data libraries to provide accurate and timely insights.
In smart substations, various online monitoring systems are deployed, including capacitance and dielectric loss monitoring for capacitive devices, full-current and resistive current monitoring for metal oxide arresters, transformer oil monitoring, fiber-optic temperature monitoring, UHF partial discharge monitoring, dielectric loss monitoring, and more. These systems also cover on-load tap changer dynamics, GIS UHF monitoring, micro-water detection, mechanical characteristic monitoring of switches, and SF6 gas density monitoring.
The growing investment in online monitoring solutions highlights the strong market demand. First, state-owned grid companies have adopted condition-based maintenance as part of their smart grid strategy, making online monitoring an essential component. Second, both new substation construction and the retrofitting of existing infrastructure offer significant growth opportunities. Third, the trend is moving from standalone monitoring products toward integrated substation monitoring systems. Moreover, with the increasing number of power equipment and a shortage of skilled personnel, the grid increasingly depends on online monitoring to improve operational efficiency.
From the bidding trends observed by the State Grid Corporation, it is clear that the online monitoring market is largely focused on smart substations. The company has included substation status monitoring as a key element in its smart grid development plan. Intelligent substations can monitor critical equipment and parameters such as transformer oil chromatography, partial discharges in combined appliances, and lightning arrester currents through state monitoring units. This provides essential data for equipment management and enables real-time decision-making through expert systems, supporting self-diagnosis features in smart devices.
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