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The importance of monitoring electrical equipment to ensure stable and safe operation cannot be overstated. It plays a critical role in maintaining the reliability and security of power systems. With the advancement and widespread adoption of online monitoring technologies in China's power system, state-of-the-art maintenance has gradually replaced traditional periodic inspections. This shift is now widely accepted and recognized within the industry, marking a clear trend in modern equipment maintenance practices.
For many years, China's power grid relied on a scheduled maintenance model, where equipment was tested and maintained based on fixed time intervals. However, this approach had its limitations, such as unnecessary overhauls and inefficiencies. As the nature of equipment defects has evolved, online monitoring for partial discharges, gas chromatography, and SF6 quality has become increasingly common. Starting from 2010, the State Grid Corporation of China emphasized the need to fully implement condition-based maintenance, improve equipment intelligence, and promote the use of smart technologies to enable real-time safety warnings and intelligent monitoring.
Online monitoring technology refers to systems and tools that can be directly installed on power equipment to continuously record its operational status in real time. These systems typically integrate advanced sensor technology, computer processing, communication networks, expert analysis modules, and a comprehensive database of equipment data.
For example, in smart substations, online monitoring covers various aspects, including capacitance and dielectric loss monitoring of capacitive devices, real-time measurement of full current and resistive current in metal oxide surge arresters, transformer oil monitoring, fiber-optic temperature sensing, ultra-high-frequency partial discharge detection, dielectric loss monitoring, on-load tap changer dynamic performance evaluation, GIS partial discharge monitoring, micro-water detection, switch mechanical characteristics, switchgear temperature monitoring, and SF6 gas density tracking.
The investment value in the field of online monitoring for power equipment is becoming more evident, with strong demand growth expected to continue. First, state-owned grid companies have adopted condition-based maintenance strategies as part of their smart grid initiatives, leading to stricter requirements for grid reliability. Online monitoring products have become essential components. Second, not only are new substations being built, but there is also significant potential in upgrading existing infrastructure. Third, there is a growing trend toward integrating single-monitoring solutions into comprehensive substation monitoring systems. Additionally, as the number of power equipment increases and the availability of personnel decreases, the grid increasingly depends on online monitoring to enhance operational efficiency.
From the perspective of State Grid Corporation’s procurement activities, the current market for online monitoring products is primarily focused on smart substations. The corporation has identified substation status monitoring as a key component of its smart grid development plan. Intelligent substations can monitor critical equipment and parameters such as transformer oil chromatography, partial discharges in combined electrical apparatus, and full current in lightning arresters through state monitoring units, providing essential data for equipment management. Real-time status information can be analyzed by an expert system to support early decision-making and enable self-diagnosis features in intelligent devices within the substation.
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