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With the rapid advancement of high-speed and electrified railways, the demand for steel bridge maintenance has significantly increased. Traditional construction methods on bridges are no longer sufficient to meet modern requirements. This calls for the development of coatings that offer superior corrosion resistance and a longer service life. Ideally, only one or two layers of protective coating are applied throughout the entire lifespan of a steel bridge, while also focusing on eco-friendly solutions such as water-based paints that reduce environmental impact.
1. High-performance Coatings
One example is room-temperature curing fluorocarbon coatings, which exhibit exceptional weather resistance, outstanding salt spray resistance, and excellent chemical and stain resistance. Although domestic fluorocarbon coatings have made progress, they still lag behind foreign counterparts in key performance aspects. Therefore, more research should be focused on developing true fluorocarbon coatings, particularly in the area of fluorocarbon resins, to ensure long-term durability and effectiveness.
2. Water-Based Paints
As living standards rise and environmental awareness grows, the use of water-based paints for steel bridge applications is becoming increasingly necessary. Water-based inorganic zinc-rich primers are already widely used in China for steel structure processing. They are also applied as matching primers on steel bridges, but challenges remain, such as brittle coatings and poor compatibility with other materials. Further improvements and research are essential to enhance their performance and usability.
3. Composite Protection Materials
Metal spraying, followed by topcoating, has been a common method for protecting steel bridges since the early 20th century. In the 1930s, foreign countries began using zinc and aluminum coatings to protect bridges and industrial structures. China adopted this technique in the 1950s, and over the past 50 years, it has proven to be an effective long-term anti-corrosion solution. Today, metal spraying techniques have evolved from flame spraying to arc spraying and even high-speed arc spraying. Modern options include spraying zinc, aluminum, aluminum-magnesium alloys, and even aluminum rare earth alloys. These advancements have led to improved performance and wider application, such as in the Yuehai Trestle Bridge Project in China.
4. Protective Materials for Railway Reinforced Concrete Bridges
The design life of railway reinforced concrete bridges is typically set at 100 years, similar to that of steel bridges. However, many existing bridges suffer from various forms of corrosion and damage. To address this, protective coatings and specialized construction techniques need to be developed. These measures will help extend the lifespan of concrete bridges and ensure their structural integrity over time.
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