1. Two-layer stone: This technique involves using a lower-quality jade as the base and then attaching a thin layer of water-clear jade flakes to the surface, typically on the cut or broken area, to create an illusion of higher quality.
2. Three-layer stone: A cheaper brick-like material is used as the main body, with a thin green glass layer inserted in the middle. The outer layer is then covered with a transparent jade sheet to give the appearance of a genuine piece of jade.
3. Artificial skin: This method involves applying a fake green coating or mud mixture to the surface of a jade piece, often on areas that are not visible or have been damaged. It's commonly used to hide flaws or make low-quality stones appear more valuable.
4. Jade artificial eyebrows: Small holes are drilled into the surface of the jade, and green material is inserted into them. The holes are then sealed so that the green color can be seen through the surface, mimicking natural color distribution.
5. Burning jade: New jade is deliberately burned to give it an aged appearance, making it look like an antique. This process alters the color and texture, imitating the effects of time and weathering.
6. Man-made cut marks: These are created to mimic natural cracks or fractures, often by scratching or carving the surface. They are designed to look like signs of wear, but they are actually artificial and can be identified by their unnatural patterns.
7. Using other green stones or synthetic ornaments to pass them off as real jade. This includes imitation stones or colored glass that are designed to look similar to jade but lack its authenticity and value.
8. Dyeing and ochre treatment: Organic dyes are introduced into the jade’s internal structure through heat, altering its color. Ochre treatment involves heating the jade to 212°F (100°C) and soaking it in a chromium salt solution for two hours, allowing the chromium to penetrate the crystal lattice and produce a vibrant green hue.
9. Coated jade: A layer of organic green dye is applied directly to the surface of the jade to give it a false appearance of being naturally green. This method is often used to enhance the color without altering the internal structure.
10. Brightening without light: Instead of polishing the jade, a thin layer of green or clear brightening paint is sprayed onto the surface. This gives the illusion of a polished, high-quality jade without any actual enhancement of the material itself.
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