Qingdao Institute of Energy made lithium battery cathode material research progress

Lithium-air batteries represent a promising next-generation energy storage technology, with a theoretical energy density reaching up to 5200 Wh/kg—significantly higher than current lithium-ion batteries. This high energy density makes them a strong candidate for future electric vehicles, which require at least 700 Wh/kg to meet long-range driving demands.

Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Shandong Province Jieqing Fund, and the Qingdao Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Storage Technology, the Biomimetic Energy and Energy Storage Systems Team at the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology has made significant progress in developing advanced cathode materials for lithium-air batteries. Their findings have been published in top-tier journals such as *Chem. Commun.*, *J. Phys. Chem. C*, *ChemSusChem*, and *Coordin. Chem. Rev.*. In addition, several patents have been filed, including one for an electrolyte system (ZL 200910249811.4), which has already been authorized.

To address the key challenges of low charge-discharge efficiency and limited cycle life, the team has developed novel cathode materials based on nitride compounds and advanced structural design. These materials, such as MoN, exhibit catalytic properties similar to noble metals like platinum, making them highly effective in organic electrolyte systems. Through detailed structure-activity studies, they created a nanocomposite cathode that significantly reduced polarization and improved energy conversion efficiency. These results were published in *Chem. Commun.* (2011) and *ChemSusChem* (2012).

In addition, the team designed a Co3Mo3N ternary nitride material with dual catalytic functions, constructing a mesoporous nano-cathode that greatly enhanced the deep discharge cycle life of lithium-air batteries. The study was published in *J. Phys. Chem. C* (2013). Furthermore, by optimizing the flow battery structure and using an organic-inorganic hybrid electrolyte system, the team successfully reduced electrode contamination and extended the cycle life by 70%, as detailed in patent CN 102637890 A.

Building on these achievements, the team also published a comprehensive review in *Coordin. Chem. Rev.*, discussing the application of nitride nanomaterials in energy storage, particularly in high-energy lithium-air batteries. The article highlights the challenges, potential solutions, and future prospects of nitride-based materials in this field.

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