The two committees on behalf of the committee discussed mining development: building green mining

Abstract This year’s government work report clearly emphasized the need to strengthen ecological civilization and environmental protection, promoting green, circular, and low-carbon development. These guidelines have introduced a new management philosophy for the integration of mineral resource exploration and development, becoming a central topic among the delegates during the two sessions.

Question 1: What kind of mine to build

The question of what kind of mine we should build has sparked significant discussion. Wang Ning, vice president of the National University of China and a professor at China University of Geosciences, pointed out that many mining companies are overly focused on scale and speed, which he disagrees with. He believes that mining enterprises should prioritize quality, not just economic benefits, but also social and environmental gains. China can no longer sacrifice the environment for rapid development, and mining companies must take environmental issues seriously.

Resource-based enterprises need to clarify their purpose, ensuring that communities in mining areas can enjoy clean air and clear water. Bu Changsen, a National People's Congress deputy and chairman of Shandong Energy Group, proposed the concept of "green mining" for coal resources. He explained that current coal mining techniques cause extensive land destruction, dust pollution, and groundwater contamination. Green mining involves optimizing resource extraction to minimize environmental damage.

Sun Zhaoxue, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and CEO of China National Gold Group, understands the responsibility of environmental protection. He emphasized that balancing economic growth with environmental protection is essential. “Talking about environmental protection without considering development is like fishing for fish,” he said. “Discussing economic growth without environmental protection is like throwing a stone at a fish.” The goal is to shift from a model where development harms the environment to one that fosters sustainable growth.

For example, China National Gold Group bases its profits on the harmonious development of society and the environment. In recent years, new mines have invested 5% of total investment in environmental protection, with even higher percentages—up to 13%—in vulnerable regions like Tibet and Inner Mongolia. Zhou Zhongshu, another CPPCC member and president of Minmetals Group, stressed the importance of responsible enterprises in efficiently using mineral resources.

Question 2: How does the mine develop green?

Many representatives have called for green development in the mining industry, emphasizing the efficient use of resources and technological innovation. Improving science and technology in mining, especially in areas like mining, processing, and waste management, is key to building greener mines.

Chen Yunhua, a National People's Congress deputy, noted that China currently has low resource output rates, low utilization efficiency, and poor recycling rates. To address this, the government must guide enterprises to rely on scientific progress to improve efficiency.

Yang Xingping, a CPPCC member, highlighted that while China has made progress in resource utilization, the path to advanced technologies remains challenging. He urged the state to lead in integrating innovation resources, setting up high-level research platforms, and fostering collaboration between enterprises, universities, and research institutes.

Liu Changqing, a National People's Congress representative, pointed out that China has more than half of the world’s tailings reservoirs. He suggested improving the design, operation, and safety standards for these reservoirs, while introducing policies to encourage tailings recycling and technological innovation.

Question 3: How to achieve multi-channel green development

Addressing geological and ecological challenges such as land destruction, pollution, and landscape degradation requires comprehensive solutions. Delegates have offered various suggestions to create low-energy, low-pollution, and low-emission mines.

Jiang Yaodong, a CPPCC member and vice president of China University of Mining and Technology, stressed the need for professional training in the mining sector. He argued that a lack of skilled workers has led to inefficient and unsafe operations. He recommended establishing a national mining talent base and supporting initiatives like student volunteer programs to bring young talent into the industry.

Chen Yunhua, a National People's Congress deputy and chairman of Yueda Group, echoed this view, emphasizing the need for skilled professionals to transition mining from traditional to modern, technology-driven industries.

Li Xiaobo, a National People's Congress deputy and chairman of Taiyuan Iron and Steel Group, called for rationalizing taxes and fees related to mining, including restoring the resource tax rate to 40-60% and eliminating certain fees.

Regarding existing pollution, some deputies advocated for stronger control measures. Mu Fanmin, a National People's Congress deputy and chairman of Shandong Gold Jinchuang Group, stressed the importance of financial compensation and early environmental assessments to prevent pollution rather than manage it after the fact.

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Author: Zhang Jinping