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Photovoltaic + agriculture is another breakthrough in China's photovoltaic application field, and it is also a new model of modern agricultural development, and has gradually become a new investment hotspot. Just like all the new things, PV agriculture has not been supported enough and it has developed rapidly. The problems and obstacles encountered in the process can be imagined. Then, how to make this industry continue to develop healthily? Recently, the author interviewed China's photovoltaic agriculture work. Gao Xianggen, vice president and senior engineer of the committee.
Is the new impetus for the development of modern agriculture
Author: When did the combination of agriculture and photovoltaics begin? What is the background of the combination?
Gao Xianggen: The combination of agriculture and photovoltaics began in the 1970s. In 1975, the first photovoltaic pump was introduced, but the development of photovoltaic agriculture has been constrained by the high cost of photovoltaic modules. Until the cost of battery modules has been decreasing in recent years, photovoltaic agriculture Only developed rapidly.
China's photovoltaic industry initially faced the foreign market, and after being restricted, it turned to the domestic market. The development of photovoltaic agriculture was the result of calm consideration after the blockade of Europe and the United States, and it was the need for the transformation and upgrading of the photovoltaic industry. At the same time, agriculture also needs structural adjustment. It is necessary to replace traditional agriculture with scientific and information-based wisdom agriculture, which is a new impetus for the development of modern agriculture. In addition, with the policy environment becoming more and more fair and transparent, photovoltaic agriculture has been rapidly developed from the approval of photovoltaic “road strips†for the development of photovoltaic industry, the gradual improvement of power access to relevant specific measures.
Author: What are the advantages of combining photovoltaics with agriculture? What are the principles of the combination of the two? What are the specific development models of PV agriculture?
Gao Xianggen: On the one hand, the photovoltaic power generation system can directly reduce the power generation cost by using agricultural land, and use it spontaneously, and the surplus electricity is connected to the Internet to increase the profit. On the other hand, the thin film solar cell can be used to make the light transmission characteristics, and meet the illumination required for the growth of animals and plants. Moreover, it can store heat energy, which is conducive to the growth of animals and plants in the winter, in order to achieve the purpose of intelligent light filling, hydration, temperature control, energy conservation, pest control and ecological restoration, and realize comprehensive land utilization.
The basic principle of the combination of photovoltaic agriculture is not to compete with agriculture for sunshine. The key is not to damage the attributes of the land or harm the interests of the peasants.
According to the main mode of photovoltaic agriculture in recent years, we divide photovoltaic agriculture into 10 modules, including forest light, livestock and poultry (grazing) light, fishing light, thermoelectric light, bacteria light, medicine light, water light, and vegetables. ) Light, eco-light, service light mode, etc. At present, demonstrations of various modes have been carried out in various parts of China. The practice has proved that the more refined and specialized the model, the more obvious the comprehensive benefits and the stronger the operability.
Over-wide coverage leads to a lot of obstacles
Author: Photovoltaic agriculture is still in its infancy. You have said before that the promotion of photovoltaic agriculture is more complicated than rooftop distributed PV. What do you think are the main problems facing the development of photovoltaic agriculture?
Gao Xianggen: First of all, at present, there is no clear document in China on which policies to enjoy PV agriculture. It is only based on subsidies for facility agriculture. There are regional differences and understanding differences in actual implementation. In addition, the approval is very complicated, and each project needs to pass more than a dozen. The approval of government departments has seriously affected the speed of project promotion.
Second, there are technical innovations and application problems. At present, there are no professional research institutions. Only the practitioners scattered in various departments and institutions carry out some limited research with subjective enthusiasm. They have not yet formed systematic and practical research results. The scale is practically applied in photovoltaic agriculture projects, and agriculture itself is a big issue, and it is affected by weather, geography, environment, etc. The combination of photovoltaic and agriculture has various forms, and it needs to be explored and practiced in multiple branches to summarize. Some rules.
The third is the talent problem. At present, there are no special photovoltaic agricultural departments (professionals), disciplines, professional research talents, practical talents, training mechanisms, etc. in China's scientific research institutes, universities, vocational and technical schools, etc. are all blank.
The fourth is the standard issue, which is also a very difficult problem. There is no uniform industry standard for photovoltaic agriculture. Due to the wide and complex scope, the difficulty in formulating industry standards can be imagined.
However, these are inevitable problems in the development of new things. As this industry continues to develop, I believe that it will be solved.
The hardware and software foundation of the industry should be consolidated
Author: At present, there is no unified industry standard for photovoltaic agriculture. Many voices think that it is not always possible to set standards after problems occur in this industry. It is necessary to establish industry standards to regulate them immediately. What do you think of this?
Gao Xianggen: At present, the development of China's photovoltaic agriculture is still in its infancy. Just like toddlers, many attempts have just begun.
In my opinion, the standardization of photovoltaic agriculture needs to have a number of successful cases of pattern differentiation and regional differentiation; there must be mature practice groups; there are re-measurable data, reproducible ways and operational measurement calculation methods. There must be a specialized research and development team as an innovation driver; a relatively complete policy system.
Since photovoltaic agriculture involves a wide range of issues, the standard for the combination of photovoltaics and agriculture should be based on local sub-modules or branching models. For example, bacterial light, fishing light, livestock (grazing) light, etc. may be introduced in advance.
I think that in the short term, it is expected that the full implementation of PV agricultural standards will not conform to the objective laws. It also needs to be continuously explored. It needs to have a sound foundation. It should sum up experience on the basis of demonstration bases, scientific and technological innovation platform construction, and personnel training, and provide hardware for standard introduction. Software condition support. However, standards are definitely needed. It is necessary to classify and guide the experience, and to be modular and refined when formulating standards. Although the standard is difficult, it is still confident after the accumulation.
Author: Many PV companies are now entering this field. The conference on photovoltaic agriculture is also increasing. However, the general situation is that there are many PV experts in the enterprise, but there are almost no agricultural experts. At the meeting, there are also several agricultural experts. This makes people think that photovoltaic agriculture is still for photovoltaics. You just mentioned the talent problem in this field. How to solve this problem?
Gao Xianggen: Photovoltaic agriculture must have the stable foundation of agriculture as a support. If the operation of agriculture is unstable, PV will inevitably be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to take agriculture as a foothold and not to put it to the bottom. There are indeed a handful of agricultural experts involved in photovoltaic agriculture, indicating that this new thing has not yet been widely recognized by the agricultural industry. Therefore, we need not only vigorous publicity, but also vigorous promotion. Through practice, photovoltaic agriculture can really warm up in agriculture. By then, more and more agricultural experts will join the field.
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