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Remote interrogation is a modern approach that leverages network video technology to conduct interrogations without the need for physical presence between investigators and suspects. This method involves using voice and video transmission channels, along with terminal equipment, to facilitate communication in real time. The entire interrogation process takes place through these digital channels, enabling a remote interrogation model that enhances efficiency and reduces costs.
Compared to traditional methods, remote interrogation offers significant advantages. It eliminates the need for direct contact between investigators and suspects, making it more convenient for both parties. It also improves the speed of case investigations, optimizes the use of judicial resources, and aligns with the principles of cost-effectiveness and procedural efficiency.
The concept of long-distance trials has been gaining traction, especially in the legal field. While courts have made rapid progress in building digital court systems, public security and procuratorate agencies have lagged behind. Since 2013, there has been increasing demand from the courts for remote trial capabilities. As a result, public security and procuratorate offices have begun planning remote trial systems alongside existing remote review systems.
There are two main types of applications related to interrogation services: localized synchronized audio and video systems, and remote interrogation systems. Localized systems include fixed-site and portable recording solutions, while remote systems support features like telephony, multi-party interactions, and remote questioning.
Public security interrogation services are divided into two parts: interrogation rooms within case handling centers and those located in detention centers. The remote interrogation command system used by the Procuratorate differs significantly from standard remote interrogation systems. It requires real-time transmission of video and audio from the interrogation site, along with synchronization across displays and speakers. Remote commands must also allow for text, voice, or video communication, with varying business processes depending on the jurisdiction.
Courts have embraced the concept of "digital trials," where remote interrogation systems are increasingly used. The Supreme People's Court launched a formal remote interrogation initiative in 2009, aiming to establish a standardized and efficient model for remote interrogations. Today, remote trials are widespread across the country, offering convenience and efficiency that are gaining more recognition.
With the advancement of high-definition technology, current remote interrogation systems are entering the HD era. However, bandwidth limitations remain a challenge, as insufficient capacity can lead to video distortion, data loss, and delays. These issues restrict the number of remote video channels, especially for high-definition content. Currently, only developed regions have fully implemented long-range interrogation systems, while other areas still rely on local models.
Security is a critical concern in remote interrogation. Interrogation signals are transmitted through secure judicial networks, limiting access to authorized IP ports. Encryption, virtual private networks, and internal/external network segmentation are used to protect the integrity of the data. Additionally, top-level regulations are needed to balance security with operational efficiency.
One major challenge is the lack of a unified private network and standardized protocols. Different jurisdictions operate on their own networks, and regional standards vary, making cross-provincial remote interrogation difficult. Synchronized recording systems also require networking capabilities for centralized management and extended functionality, but many systems lack this due to independent equipment setups.
Technology in public security, procuratorates, and other agencies lags behind, with many still relying on outdated analog systems. This leads to low-definition evidence capture, which hinders the ability to present clear evidence during trials. Moreover, there is no industry-wide agreement on product standards, particularly regarding audio and video encoding, despite compliance with international H.264 standards.
The rise of the internet has disrupted traditional industries, and now, network technology is deeply embedded in daily life. With continued development and market demand, remote interrogation has emerged as a transformative tool for traditional law enforcement practices. Companies like Hangzhou Wing Control, Suzhou Keda, Tiandi Weiye, and Guangzhou Aoweiya are leading the way with innovative solutions tailored to the needs of the judiciary.
Despite these advancements, challenges remain. The market is filled with mixed-quality products, some of which do not meet the rigorous demands of judicial settings. There is also a lack of serialized products that can meet the diverse needs of different departments. Portable devices are often bulky and hard to use, affecting the quality of recordings.
The legality of electronic transcripts and signatures is still under debate, limiting the scope of remote trials to simpler cases. However, as the technology evolves and standards improve, remote interrogation is expected to become a key component of the future of judicial practices.
In conclusion, while remote interrogation holds great promise for improving efficiency and reducing costs, several obstacles must be overcome before it becomes widely adopted. Manufacturers must continue developing better products, while judicial authorities should work toward establishing unified standards and expanding infrastructure to enable seamless interoperability.
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