Causes of nitrate accumulation in vegetables and degradation measures

The harm of nitrate and nitrite to human health and ecological environment has been receiving widespread attention. Studies have shown that 81.2% of the nitrates ingested by the human body come from vegetables. Although nitrate itself is harmless or toxic to the human body, modern medicine has shown that the nitrates ingested by the human body can be reduced to nitrite by the action of bacteria, and the nitrite can reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. This leads to methemoglobinemia; on the other hand, nitrite can combine with secondary amines to form nitrite, which induces cancer of the digestive system, which poses a potential threat to human health. Therefore, controlling the nitrate content in vegetables, and clarifying its influencing factors and control measures are a major issue facing the development of China's vegetable industry, and are of great significance for improving people's quality of life and health.

There are many factors affecting the accumulation of nitrate in crops. Some data indicate that fertilization techniques, light, temperature, moisture, harvesting time and methods all affect the accumulation of nitrate in vegetables to varying degrees. Fertilization is the most important factor. one. However, for a specific crop, it may be the result of a combination of several factors. Only by identifying the main factors of the absorption and utilization of N in the plant according to the nutritional characteristics of different vegetables, can we reduce the nitrate accumulation of vegetables through regulation measures. the goal of.

Effective measures for the degradation of nitrate accumulation are:

First, strengthen the research on vegetable germplasm resources and accumulation mechanism, and select the vegetable varieties with low nitrate accumulation.

Second, rational fertilization, according to the biological characteristics of vegetables and the needs of the reproductive period, select the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer varieties. At the same time, we must vigorously develop new types of vegetable-specific fertilizers with high quality and low nitrate accumulation.

Third, increase the light and time of the vegetables, without affecting the temperature, increase the number and time of the sheds to increase the greenhouse light intensity and extend the illumination time.

Fourth, pre-food treatment, improve eating habits, pre-food treatment of vegetables, is a rescue measure to reduce the nitrate content of vegetables. Studies have shown that the nitrate content of vegetables can be reduced by 42.43% (a decrease of 10.8% - 73.1%) on average by boiling water for three minutes before eating.

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