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Hebei is one of the provinces with severe water scarcity. The groundwater dependence is high, and the proportion of groundwater source water supply to total water supply is 75%. In recent years, in order to explore a technical model of reasonable water use, high efficiency water saving, water and fertilizer coupling, Hebei adheres to the concept of “water saving and production increase, water saving and efficiency improvementâ€, and integrates water and fertilizer integration technology as a strategic measure to promote winter wheat in the province. The integrated technology of water and fertilizer for corn and vegetables is 6 million mu, and the water saving of more than 40 cubic meters is realized. A road of high-efficiency water and water-saving pressure with water and fertilizer integration as the core is explored.
Wheat Corn:
Innovative micro-spray technology mode
Since 2011, the Hebei Provincial Department of Agriculture and Fertilizer has stood in 23 counties of Shijiazhuang City, Baoding, Handan and Xingtai to carry out experimental demonstrations of integrated micro-sprinkler irrigation and fertilizer technology for wheat and corn, and established a water and fertilizer integration core demonstration area of ​​50,000. Mu, the demonstration area reaches 100,000 mu, achieving the "four three two" goal, that is, saving more than 40%, saving more than 30% of fertilizer, increasing production by more than 20%. Summer corn has a yield of up to 875 kilograms per mu, and an increase of 110 kilograms per mu, creating a high-yield record of summer maize in the province.
Since then, the company has invested 22.6 million yuan in the newly added project of 100 billion kilograms of grain field project, and carried out demonstration technology of wheat and corn micro-spraying water and fertilizer integration in 7 counties, and established 12,000 mu of core demonstration area. In Shijiazhuang City, a high-yield winter wheat region, it invested 4 million yuan to build a demonstration area of ​​0.7 million mu. Afterwards, 18 high-yield counties (cities) such as Yucheng and Zhaoxian were selected for two consecutive years. In accordance with the principle of “widely distributed, experimental demonstration, highlighting key points, and gradually promotingâ€, 12 major grain production counties were selected as the focus. The demonstration party with the “machine well†as the unit forms a demonstration network that covers “the whole city, with outstanding emphasis, extensive distribution, and star-studdedâ€. By transforming the machine well, burying the main underground pipeline, laying sprinkler irrigation belts in the field, applying soluble fertilizer and other measures, it will promote 20,300 mu of integrated technology of wheat and corn micro-spraying water and fertilizer.
By 2014, combined with groundwater super-integrated treatment pilot project, it will invest 85 million yuan in 29 counties in Hengshui, Zhangzhou, Handan and Xingtai, and the scale of implementation will reach 100,000 mu.
Vegetables and Fruits:
Promote under-film drip irrigation technology mode
The vegetable area in Zhangchengba has less precipitation and cold weather, which is conducive to the production of vegetables in the wrong season. The traditional irrigation of farmers is flood irrigation, and the water consumption per mu is 300~400 cubic meters. According to the problem of large ups and downs on the dam, poor soil structure and leakage of water, the advantages of vegetable planting into a scale and easy centralized management are fully exerted, and the drip irrigation technology under the film is demonstrated and promoted. In 2014, the groundwater super-harvest comprehensive treatment pilot vegetable drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology project was implemented in 33 counties of Hengshui, Zhangzhou, Handan and Xingtai, with an investment of 320 million yuan, a scale of 200,000 mu, and a total water saving of 0.4 billion cubic meters. Above the meter, the rainwater harvesting capacity reaches 30 million cubic meters. At present, the integrated application area of ​​vegetable and vegetable drip irrigation water and fertilizer in Hebei Province has reached 5.6 million mu, which is about 2/3 of the water saving and about 1/3 of the fertilizer. In the production of vegetable facilities, the humidity in the shed is significantly reduced, and the occurrence of diseases is effectively controlled, and the amount of pesticides is greatly reduced.
Water saving mining:
Two, two provinces, two increases paid off
The results of the experiment and demonstration show that the “micro-spraying water and fertilizer integration technology†is implemented on the grain crops of wheat and corn, with two sections (water saving, land saving), two provinces (provincial and chemical), and two increases (increased production and increase). The obvious effect of the effect). One is to save water. The results of the demonstration survey show that the sandy soil has a water saving of 100-150 square meters, and the loamy soil has a water saving of 50-60 square meters. The second is the land. The water and fertilizer integration demonstration zone does not require furrows and backs. Compared with the traditional irrigation method, the effective planting area per acre can be increased by 60~70 square meters, the wheat can increase by 30,000 to 40,000 ears per mu, and the corn can be increased by 300-400 per acre. The third is to save labor. With the application of micro-spraying water and fertilizer integration technology, farmers can carry out field fertigation only by opening and closing valves, eliminating the need for field operations such as clearing ditch, backing, cutting edge and applying fertilizer, and saving time in each irrigation cycle. ~5 days, wheat and corn are on average 1.2 labors per mu. The fourth is to save fertilizer. Application of micro-sprinkler irrigation and fertilizer integration technology can realize the synchronization of fertilization and watering according to crop growth and development requirements, reduce fertilizer leaching and volatilization, and improve fertilizer utilization rate by 5%~10%, especially to effectively solve the problem of fattening in the middle and late summer maize. The attacking fertilizer wins high yield. The fifth is to increase production. The application of micro-sprinkler irrigation and fertilizer integration technology can achieve a small number of multiple fertilizations, improve fertilizer efficiency, and achieve high yield and stable yield. In the city of Fujian, the yield of wheat is generally increased by 10%, and that of summer maize is increased by 15% to 20%. The average yield per mu of the Shaji wheat demonstration field is 557.5 kg, which is an increase of 19% over the control field. Sixth is to increase efficiency. Applying micro-sprinkler irrigation and fertilizer integration technology, the cost-effective wheat per mu is generally 80-100 yuan, and the summer corn can reach 100-200 yuan.
Powerful measures:
Increase farmers' awareness of
First, the leadership attaches great importance to it. In accordance with the requirements of the “Implementation Opinions on Implementing the National Agricultural Water Savings Guidelines (2012-2020)†of the Provincial Government Office, the Party Group of the Agriculture Department established a provincial water-saving agriculture leading group and an expert advisory group to conduct in-depth investigation and research and promulgated Implementation Plan for Farmland Water Saving in Hebei Province and “Guidelines for Water Saving Agriculture in the Province in 2013†​​and arranged for deployment. The second is to strengthen organizational management. In the water and fertilizer integration technology demonstration project area, the machine well is used as a unit to identify a villager who understands technology and has the responsibility as the person in charge, and manages, organizes and coordinates the irrigation and fertilization of each household in the unit, avoids water disputes and ensures water and fertilizer. Implementation of integrated technology. The third is to cultivate demonstration subjects. In the implementation process of the integrated technology project of wheat and corn water and fertilizer, priority should be given to the implementation of large-scale planting of large grain growers, family farms, farmers' professional cooperatives, etc., to achieve “general promotion†(cultivated land scale 50~100 mu), “ The promotion method of “small party guidance†(20~50 mu of cultivated land scale) will improve the application effect and demonstration effect of water and fertilizer integration technology. The fourth is extensive publicity and training, organizing on-site observation meetings at the city and county levels, and creating a good atmosphere for all sectors of society to jointly promote the demonstration and promotion of water and fertilizer integration. The fifth is to organize agricultural technicians to carry out technical guidance services, go deep into farmers and the fields, organize farmers to observe and explain on the spot, and enable farmers to master and accept water and fertilizer integration technologies as soon as possible. Sixth is to pay close attention to integrated innovation. Under the unified deployment arrangement of the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, the integration of the water and fertilizer integration technology model for food crops in North China will be carried out, and the “Experimental Model for Water and Fertilizer Integration Technology for Wheat, Maize and Other Crops†will be formulated to formulate a scientific irrigation and fertilization program. Improve the water and fertilizer integration technology system.
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