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The key technology of the whole cotton seedbed
It is currently in the cotton seedling stage. Cotton farmers should promptly start, plow the seedbed, prepare enough nutrients, and improve the quality of the nutritious seedling bed.
Choose the bed site, choose the area of ​​the bed, choose to avoid the wind and sun, convenient transportation, can discharge irrigation, easy field management, better soil texture, avoiding the old seedbed. The area of ​​the seedbed should be kept at a certain rate. For the seedlings of small carp, the ratio of seedbed to field is 1:20; the ratio of seedlings in the sorghum is 1:15; the ratio of saplings is 1:10.
Turning the seedbed and thoroughly drying the cotton seedbed generally requires that the soil layer be soft and fully matured, and the depth of the ploughing layer should be 20 to 30 cm. The earlier the ploughing, the longer the drying time, the deep root weeds can be removed, some wintering pests can be frozen, and some germs can be killed. After drying the seedbed for a period of time, use the gums to make it thin and then turn it over again. It is necessary to open a ditch to facilitate drainage.
With sufficient nutrients, the fertilizer can be applied in time to fertilize the farmer's fertilizer. Before the application, the impurities that are not completely rotted should be removed. The application rate per acre is 2000-2500 kg; the second can be applied 75-100 kg of bio-organic fertilizer. The right amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Fertilize half a month to January before cotton is planted.
Purifying bed soil, preventing disease soil disinfection is a key measure to prevent diseased seedlings. After the cotton nutrient seedling bed is properly planted, it is necessary to spray the fungicide in time. One can be sprayed with green fen (12.5 nitrile and prochloraz) + sputum (0.01% brassinolide); two can be used with 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800-1000 times Spraying liquid; three can be sprayed with 50% Fumei double wettable powder 600~800 times; four can be used to spray the seedbed with 2.5% Shile seeding agent, calculated by 10 square meters of seedbed, available for 10ml of suitable music 5 kg of water was applied.
(Yu Hongzhang, Senior Agronomist, Agricultural Bureau of Xiaogan City, Hubei Province)
Early rice dry nursery must be protected from fertilizer damage
The fertilization amount of early rice dry nursery is much higher than that of water breeding. Because some farmers have mastered the fertilization technology during the seedbed period, the phenomenon of fertilizer damage to the seedlings occurs every year, which seriously affects the quantity and quality of dry nursery.
The symptoms of fat damage are mainly caused by the three-leaf period before and after the three-leaf period, when the temperature is high on sunny days, the yellowing of the seedlings, the burning spots on the leaves, the blackening of the roots, and the death of the whole plant.
Fertilization causes the type, timing and mode of fertilization will cause fat and dead seedlings.
The farmyard manure applied by the farmer's unfertilized seedlings is generally not fully decomposed. The organic matter competes with the seedlings in the process of semi-fermentation of the soil, and the local high temperature produces high concentrations of ammonia or toxic substances, causing poisoning, burns and even dead seedlings to the seedlings. .
After fertilization is unevenly fertilized, the number of tumbling times is large, and the bed soil and fertilizer are not fully and uniformly integrated. After one leaf and one heart, the roots of the roots are touched with the fat mass or the fat pond, which is easily "burned" by the high concentration of fertilizer. , resulting in some physiological loss of water on the ground of the seedlings.
Fertilizers applied to the fertilizer table were applied to the surface of the seedbed soil before sowing. They were not evenly applied to the 15 cm soil layer as required, causing the roots to burn after the seeds were germinated. The seedlings had buds without roots and appeared to die.
When chemical fertilizers are used for late application of fertilizers and fertilizers as base fertilizers, it is generally required to be applied 10 to 15 days before sowing; if applied too late, the amount of ammonium nitrogen applied to the seedlings is not converted to nitrate nitrogen for root absorption of the seedlings. It is easy to cause ammonia poisoning to burn seedlings.
Improper topdressing and drought breeding emphasizes that the trampoline is applied to the fertilizer, and generally no topdressing is applied. However, some farmers follow the method of water breeding, after the seedlings are seedlings, the topdressing is too much or the fertilizer is not evenly distributed, or after spraying, the water is not sprayed in time, resulting in seedlings or strips. If the victim is light, it will be blocked by growth or become a dead seedling or a diseased seedling. It is difficult to cultivate strong seedlings.
Preventive measures must prevent targeted measures to prevent dry seedlings from killing dead seedlings.
To choose a seedbed bed, you should choose a vegetable garden close to the water source, high ground, fertile soil, good soil permeability or other dry land for seedbeds. Generally, for every 1 mu of field, the seedbed needs 10 to 15 square meters, and the soil of the seedbed should meet the requirements of fertilizer, pine, thick, soft and fine. For example, if the water field is used as a seedbed, it is necessary to plow the soil early and pave a large amount of dryland loam, mix the farmyard manure, and mix the soil and fertilizer evenly. The thickness requirement is 5 cm or more and no fat mass or fat pond can be seen. Generally, 10 kg of fully fermented farmyard manure, 100 g of NPK 15% of compound fertilizer and 10-20 g of zinc sulfate are applied per square meter.
Control the fattening seedbed to improve the fertilizer, generally do not need topdressing. However, when the seedlings are yellow, it is necessary to find the cause of yellowing. If you can't see the yellow seedlings, you should apply nitrogen fertilizer, because the lack of fertilizer is not the only reason for yellowing. Excessive humidity in the seedbed, excessive moisture, soil compaction, etc. can cause yellowing of the seedlings. When the seedling growth is weak and thin, a small amount of "weaning fertilizer" can be applied in the 1.5 to 2 leaf stage of the seedling; 3 to 5 days before the seedling is transplanted, the "growth of the fertilizer" is applied, or 0.5% to 1% is used. The urea solution was sprayed evenly one day before the start of the seedling.
After the foot water bed is leveled, the water is sprayed, so that the whole farming layer is in a state of water saturation. Some farmers use dry fire ash, dried brick ash, hay ash as nutrient soil, and it is prone to excessive nutrient soil salt and cause seedling reverse osmosis water loss. Therefore, sowing, planting and pouring water should be continuously operated to prevent the emergence of seedling physiological blight, and induce a large number of dead seedlings and burning seedlings. After sowing, the seedlings should be gently pressed, and then covered with fine soil, the thickness is about 1 cm. This is beneficial to the seed sprouting seedlings, and is also beneficial to prevent fat damage.
The key technology of the whole cotton seedbed
It is currently in the cotton seedling stage. Cotton farmers should promptly start, plow the seedbed, prepare enough nutrients, and improve the quality of the nutritious seedling bed.
Choose the bed site, choose the area of ​​the bed, choose to avoid the wind and sun, convenient transportation, can discharge irrigation, easy field management, better soil texture, avoiding the old seedbed. The area of ​​the seedbed should be kept at a certain rate. For the seedlings of small carp, the ratio of seedbed to field is 1:20; the ratio of seedlings in the sorghum is 1:15; the ratio of saplings is 1:10.
Turning the seedbed and thoroughly drying the cotton seedbed generally requires that the soil layer be soft and fully matured, and the depth of the ploughing layer should be 20 to 30 cm. The earlier the ploughing, the longer the drying time, the deep root weeds can be removed, some wintering pests can be frozen, and some germs can be killed. After drying the seedbed for a period of time, use the gums to make it thin and then turn it over again. It is necessary to open a ditch to facilitate drainage.
With sufficient nutrients, the fertilizer can be applied in time to fertilize the farmer's fertilizer. Before the application, the impurities that are not completely rotted should be removed. The application rate per acre is 2000-2500 kg; the second can be applied 75-100 kg of bio-organic fertilizer. The right amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Fertilize half a month to January before cotton is planted.
Purifying bed soil, preventing disease soil disinfection is a key measure to prevent diseased seedlings. After the cotton nutrient seedling bed is properly planted, it is necessary to spray the fungicide in time. One can be sprayed with green fen (12.5 nitrile and prochloraz) + sputum (0.01% brassinolide); two can be used with 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800-1000 times Spraying liquid; three can be sprayed with 50% Fumei double wettable powder 600~800 times; four can be used to spray the seedbed with 2.5% Shile seeding agent, calculated by 10 square meters of seedbed, available for 10ml of suitable music 5 kg of water was applied.
(Yu Hongzhang, Senior Agronomist, Agricultural Bureau of Xiaogan City, Hubei Province)
Early rice dry nursery must be protected from fertilizer damage
The fertilization amount of early rice dry nursery is much higher than that of water breeding. Because some farmers have mastered the fertilization technology during the seedbed period, the phenomenon of fertilizer damage to the seedlings occurs every year, which seriously affects the quantity and quality of dry nursery.
The symptoms of fat damage are mainly caused by the three-leaf period before and after the three-leaf period, when the temperature is high on sunny days, the yellowing of the seedlings, the burning spots on the leaves, the blackening of the roots, and the death of the whole plant.
Fertilization causes the type, timing and mode of fertilization will cause fat and dead seedlings.
The farmyard manure applied by the farmer's unfertilized seedlings is generally not fully decomposed. The organic matter competes with the seedlings in the process of semi-fermentation of the soil, and the local high temperature produces high concentrations of ammonia or toxic substances, causing poisoning, burns and even dead seedlings to the seedlings. .
After fertilization is unevenly fertilized, the number of tumbling times is large, and the bed soil and fertilizer are not fully and uniformly integrated. After one leaf and one heart, the roots of the roots are touched with the fat mass or the fat pond, which is easily "burned" by the high concentration of fertilizer. , resulting in some physiological loss of water on the ground of the seedlings.
Fertilizers applied to the fertilizer table were applied to the surface of the seedbed soil before sowing. They were not evenly applied to the 15 cm soil layer as required, causing the roots to burn after the seeds were germinated. The seedlings had buds without roots and appeared to die.
When chemical fertilizers are used for late application of fertilizers and fertilizers as base fertilizers, it is generally required to be applied 10 to 15 days before sowing; if applied too late, the amount of ammonium nitrogen applied to the seedlings is not converted to nitrate nitrogen for root absorption of the seedlings. It is easy to cause ammonia poisoning to burn seedlings.
Improper topdressing and drought breeding emphasizes that the trampoline is applied to the fertilizer, and generally no topdressing is applied. However, some farmers follow the method of water breeding, after the seedlings are seedlings, the topdressing is too much or the fertilizer is not evenly distributed, or after spraying, the water is not sprayed in time, resulting in seedlings or strips. If the victim is light, it will be blocked by growth or become a dead seedling or a diseased seedling. It is difficult to cultivate strong seedlings.
Preventive measures must prevent targeted measures to prevent dry seedlings from killing dead seedlings.
To choose a seedbed bed, you should choose a vegetable garden close to the water source, high ground, fertile soil, good soil permeability or other dry land for seedbeds. Generally, for every 1 mu of field, the seedbed needs 10 to 15 square meters, and the soil of the seedbed should meet the requirements of fertilizer, pine, thick, soft and fine. For example, if the water field is used as a seedbed, it is necessary to plow the soil early and pave a large amount of dryland loam, mix the farmyard manure, and mix the soil and fertilizer evenly. The thickness requirement is 5 cm or more and no fat mass or fat pond can be seen. Generally, 10 kg of fully fermented farmyard manure, 100 g of NPK 15% of compound fertilizer and 10-20 g of zinc sulfate are applied per square meter.
Control the fattening seedbed to improve the fertilizer, generally do not need topdressing. However, when the seedlings are yellow, it is necessary to find the cause of yellowing. If you can't see the yellow seedlings, you should apply nitrogen fertilizer, because the lack of fertilizer is not the only reason for yellowing. Excessive humidity in the seedbed, excessive moisture, soil compaction, etc. can cause yellowing of the seedlings. When the seedling growth is weak and thin, a small amount of "weaning fertilizer" can be applied in the 1.5 to 2 leaf stage of the seedling; 3 to 5 days before the seedling is transplanted, the "growth of the fertilizer" is applied, or 0.5% to 1% is used. The urea solution was sprayed evenly one day before the start of the seedling.
After the foot water bed is leveled, the water is sprayed, so that the whole farming layer is in a state of water saturation. Some farmers use dry fire ash, dried brick ash, hay ash as nutrient soil, and it is prone to excessive nutrient soil salt and cause seedling reverse osmosis water loss. Therefore, sowing, planting and pouring water should be continuously operated to prevent the emergence of seedling physiological blight, and induce a large number of dead seedlings and burning seedlings. After sowing, the seedlings should be gently pressed, and then covered with fine soil, the thickness is about 1 cm. This is beneficial to the seed sprouting seedlings, and is also beneficial to prevent fat damage.
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